Background : Genomic Instability is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Due to a variety of fundamental properties of  malignant cells or  cancer cells, such as  their  ability to replicate without limitations, indifference to positive growth signals, , evade  apoptosis, sustain  angiogenesis, and to invade and metastasize, it is difficult to find monotherapies.  All of these properties of cancer cells are  influenced by a gene or set of genes. These properties result in deleterious clinical consequences for the patient in whom the cancer cell resides, but paradoxically empowers that abnormal cell and its progeny with a survival advantage over normal cells. Hence the aim of our study has been to develop biomarkers for early detection or for preventive measures in Indian population.
Protocols and Patients : Studies carried out on a number of patients suffering from breast cancer, Head and Neck cancer and Lung cancer have been summarized in this presentation to give an overview of the most effective ways to treat cancer. The various methods of cancer treatment include surgery with chemotherapy and /or radiation therapy, Immunotherapy , targeted therapy, or hormone therapy. Cancer diagnosis is mostly done on biopsies or FNAC samples. Advanced technologies  such as the use of Biomarkers has also caught up using DNA samples.  Biomarker testing looks at genes, proteins, and other substances (tumor markers) that can provide information about cancer genetics. Each individual’s cancer has a unique pattern of biomarkers. A biomarker test may be prognostic or diagnostic if it is paired with a specific treatment. In our studies for example, people with cancer that had certain genetic changes in the genes like EGFR, MTHFR, CYPs, or MDR1 genes so their treatments options targets inhibitors of those genes or their SNPs., However Biomarker testing is different from genetic testing that is used to find out if such mutations have been inherited that make them more likely to get cancer.
Conclusion: Failure of expression of tumor suppressor genes such as P53 and other genes promote cancer progression. Generally a five year survival period for cancer patients after treatment is crucial. To believe that cancer is cured is hardly true. However prevention is the best strategy, abstaining from the use of tobacco and alcohol and maintaining the immune system strong can be the best solution. Biomarker testing for people who have cancer will lead to best options for therapies. Failure to express the gene correctly and produce functional regulatory proteins leads to the uncontrolled patterns of cell behavior observed in a typical neoplasm.