ASSET

Antibiotic Resistance: A Multifaceted Challenge for Healthcare and Society

admin — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 09:56:38 +0000

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most pressing global health challenges, threatening the efficacy of antibiotics and undermining decades of medical progress. Recent estimates suggest that AMR accounted for nearly 4.95 million deaths worldwide in 2019, with projections indicating a substantial rise by 2050 if urgent interventions are not implemented. Tackling this crisis requires a multifaceted and coordinated approach across healthcare systems, research communities, agriculture, and the public sphere. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) remain central to mitigating resistance, ensuring rational prescribing, appropriate dosing, and adherence to treatment regimens. Complementary strategies include strengthening infection prevention and control measures, such as vaccination, hand hygiene, and hospital-based protocols, which collectively reduce the demand for antibiotics. Advances in rapid diagnostic technologies are pivotal, enabling clinicians to tailor therapies and minimize reliance on broad-spectrum agents. Beyond clinical settings, restricting antibiotic use in agriculture and animal husbandry is critical to curbing the transmission of resistant strains across ecosystems. Parallel to stewardship, research into novel therapeutics—including bacteriophage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, and drug combinations—offers promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Public engagement through awareness campaigns and education is equally vital, discouraging misuse and self-medication. Ultimately, a sustainable, globally coordinated response integrating stewardship, innovation, and public health measures is essential to preserve antibiotic effectiveness and safeguard future generations.

Authors List :

Mohammed Hameed uddin, Humera Quadriya, Shagufta Tarannum, Fehmida Begum, Majid Mohiuddin

Presenting Author :

Mohammed Hameed uddin

Affiliations :

Anwarul Uloom College

Email :

hameed2020.hu@gmail.com

Key Words (5 Words Maximum) :

Antibiotic Resistance, Rational Antibiotic Use, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Alternative Therapies, Public Health

Plasticity and Vulnerability: The Impact of Modern Societal Challenges on the Developing Prefrontal Cortex and Substance Abuse

admin — Sat, 27 Dec 2025 22:45:31 +0000

The transition from childhood to adulthood is marked by a profound neurological renovation that renders the adolescent brain both exceptionally plastic and uniquely vulnerable. This discussion explores the intersection of pubertal neurobiology with the modern digital landscape, specifically examining how social media, and current societal challenges influence the developing teenage/young adult mind. There exists significant developmental mismatch between the subcortical limbic system, responsible for emotional processing and reward-seeking, and the prefrontal cortex (PFC), responsible for executive function and impulse control which remains under construction until the mid-twenties, explaining the heightened emotional reactivity and increased sensation-seeking characteristic of puberty. Social media platforms are engineered to exploit this neural vulnerability. Likes, Streaks, Emojis, Reactions and infinite scrolling function trigger surges of dopamine in the ventral striatum (VS), leading to binge scrolling creating a feedback loop where the brain’s reward system overrides the PFC’s ability to disengage, leading to a state of cognitive depletion and diminished self-regulation. Neurobiologically, peer rejection activates the same brain regions as physical pain (the anterior cingulate cortex). Consequently, the adolescent brain is hyper-tuned to peer pressure and the need for social validation. The desire for social conformity is driven by a need to maximize neural rewards associated with self-esteem. In the digital sphere, this manifests as a constant, exhausting pressure to curate a perfect online persona, often at the expense of authentic emotional development. Conversely, the fear of social exclusion serves as a potent driver of behavioral aberrations. Neuroimaging shows that social rejection activates the anterior cingulate cortex and the insula, the same regions responsible for processing physical pain. To avoid this distress, the young brains may prioritize matching expectations of the group like engaging in binge drinking or vaping, as a survival mechanism to maintain social inclusivity. The neurobiology of substance abuse is particularly dangerous during this window since the adolescent brain is still undergoing synaptic pruning and myelination. Substances like nicotine, THC, and alcohol hijack the still-developing dopamine pathways, potentially hard-wiring the brain for addiction more effectively than in adults. Puberty-driven changes in the amygdala lead to heightened emotional volatility. When combined with the stress of social hierarchies, adolescents and young adults may turn to substances as a form of chemical coping to manage social anxiety or the pressure to perform, creating a dangerous feedback loop. Hence understanding that the teenage/adolescent brain is critical towards designing interventions that focus on strengthening inhibitory control and fostering positive reinforcement that reward healthy decision-making towards the greater goals of life.

Authors List :

Sreyashi Samaddar

Presenting Author :

Sreyashi Samaddar

Affiliations :

Brooklyn College, CUNY

Email :

sreyashi.samaddar@gmail.com

Key Words (5 Words Maximum) :

Neurodevelopment, Plasticity, Substance Abuse, Reward

The Relationship Between Barometric Pressure Changes and Weather-Related Headaches

admin — Sat, 27 Dec 2025 18:03:04 +0000

Weather-related headaches have been reported more frequently during rainy season, particularly in fall and winter. Previous researcher suggested that changes in barometric pressure can cause headaches, dizziness, or join pain, this condition is known as meteropathy. Approximately 30% of the global population or 2.4 billion people experience weather-related physical symptoms. Although meteoropathy is not life-threatening, it can significantly affect daily functioning quality of life. Barometric pressure is the pressure caused by the weight of the air. Change in barometric pressure can affect the middle ear, an air-filled cavity connected to the back of the nose through Eustachian tube. Under normal conditions, this tube equalizes internal and external air pressure. However, when barometric pressure changes rapidly, the eustachian tube may not open properly. This can create imbalances of pressure, placing stress on the eardrum and disturbance in inner-ear fluids balance. These changes can interfere with signals sent to the brain, potentially causing headaches, dizziness, or even fainting. To investigate the relationship between barometric pressure and headaches, and weather-related headaches, long-term barometric data were analyzed using NASA Earth observation datasets. The data recorded on September 2025 reveal a significant drop in barometric pressure between September 26 and 27, with a decrease of approximately 9 hPa within one day. Previous research indicates that pressure drops as small as 5hPa can increase the likelihood of meteoropathy symptoms, suggesting that this rapid decline represented a high-risk condition for weather-related headaches. Further analysis involved comparing cumulative distribution function graphs of Seattle, Boston and Miami. Each line on the graph represents a season (spring, summer, fall, or winter), and the vertical line at x = -5 hPa marks the threshold at which weather-related symptoms are more likely to occur. In Seattle, the probability of experiencing a pressure drop of 5 hPa is only about 4% in summer but increases dramatically to about 22% in winter. Boston shows a similar but slightly higher pattern, while Miami remains below 5% across all seasons, indicating a lower likelihood of weather-related symptoms. The difference is likely due to Miami more stable climate, whereas Seattle and Boston are more frequently affected by strong storm system. In conclusion, the data strongly suggested a clear relationship between barometric pressure change and weather-related headaches. Large barometric pressure changes occur much more often during fall and winters, especially in cities like Seattle and Boston. These frequent pressure changes explain why weather-related headaches are more common during colder seasons. Understanding these patterns can help explain how weather is related to human health and why some regions experience more symptoms than others.

Authors List :

Konomi Karube

Presenting Author :

Konomi Karube

Affiliations :

Lake Washington High School

Email :

ko.karube@outlook.com

Key Words (5 Words Maximum) :

Headache, Barometric Pressure, Weather, Meteropathy

Antibiotic Resistance in Modern Healthcare Effective Measures to Reduce Antibiotic Resistance

admin — Sat, 27 Dec 2025 17:56:47 +0000

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global health problem that reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. Tackling this issue requires combined efforts from healthcare systems, researchers, and the public. One of the most important strategies is the responsible use of antibiotics through antimicrobial stewardship programs that promote correct prescribing, proper dosage, and completion of treatment courses. Strengthening infection prevention measures, including hygiene practices, vaccination, and hospital infection control, can reduce the need for antibiotics. Rapid diagnostic tests are also important, as they help doctors choose targeted treatments instead of using broad-spectrum antibiotics. Controlling the use of antibiotics in agriculture and animal farming is necessary to limit the spread of resistant bacteria. In addition, ongoing research into new antibiotics and alternative treatments such as bacteriophage therapy and combination drug therapies shows promise. Public awareness and education play a key role in preventing misuse and self-medication. A coordinated and sustainable approach is essential to effectively control antibiotic resistance and protect public health.

Authors List :

Mohammed Hameed Uddin

Presenting Author :

Mohammed Hameed Uddin

Affiliations :

Anwar ul uloom college

Email :

hameed2020.hu@gmail.com

Key Words (5 Words Maximum) :

Antibiotic resistance, Rational Antibiotic Use, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Alternative Therapies, Public Health.

Role of scavenger receptor CD36 in microparticle-mediated in Decompression Sickness neuropathology

admin — Fri, 26 Dec 2025 09:18:26 +0000

Blood-borne microparticles (MPs) play a role in several forms of brain injury, but how they interact with the vasculature and con-tribute to neuroinﬂammation is unknown. The scavenger receptor CD36 is expressed across various cell types and regulates inﬂammation, vascular function, and innate immunity. We hypothesized that CD36 mediates MPs-induced neuroinﬂammatory responses in a murine model of decompression sickness (DCS). Wild-type mice subjected to decompression and naïve mice injected with MPs from decompressed mice exhibited a 2.2 ± 0.5-fold elevation in perivascular MPs deposition, 2.8 ± 0.6-fold elevation of inﬂammatory MPs in blood and 2.4 ± 0.4-fold in cervical lymph nodes, 2.7 ± 0.6-fold increase in neutrophil activation,2.0 ± 0.3-fold increased glymphatic ﬂow, 3.1 ± 0.4-fold increased leakage of six megadalton dextran at the blood-brain barrier, and a doubling of inﬂammatory proteins in brain. These events failed to occur in CD36 knockout mice and those conditionally deﬁcient in endothelial CD36 (FLOX). We conclude that inﬂammatory MPs interact with endothelial CD36 to mediate neuroinﬂammatory responses and vascular injury in DCS

Authors List :

Abid Bhat1, Stephen Thom1

Presenting Author :

Abid Bhat

Affiliations :

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Email :

abidpharma8088@gmail.com

Key Words (5 Words Maximum) :

decompression; microglia; microparticles; neutrophil activation; scavenger receptor CD36

Learning to Analyze Public Health Inequities Using Open-Access Data: An Undergraduate Perspective

admin — Fri, 26 Dec 2025 09:15:49 +0000

Undergraduate students are increasingly engaging with public health questions and considerations about health inequities and social determinants of health, but very little attention has been devoted to how learners learn to responsibly and effectively navigate complex, population-level data. This abstract provides a reflection and education-focused overview of learning how to explore public health inequalities based on open access datasets through an undergraduate educational lens. Instead of offering any original epidemiological data, this article considers the methodological and conceptual problems students face working with public health data such as scale, interpretation, and ethical responsibility. We focus on how neighborhood-level variables are misinterpreted as risk factors at the individual level, and how framing can be used with caution to not overstretch relationships of causation or reproduce deficit narratives for marginalized populations. By using an educational lens, the abstract underscores the need for interdisciplinary training that blends quantitative logic, social context, and ethical consciousness as elements of undergraduate public health education. In doing so, students are taught how to critically engage with population-level data, leading them to appreciate structural determinants of health disparities while maintaining appropriate analytical boundaries. This strategy also helps to build upon foundational skills in terms of data literacy, public health communication and equity-centered reasoning. Taken together, this work discusses how undergraduate exposure to open-access public health data—combined with guided reflection and conceptual grounding—reinforces students’ capacity to interact critically with health inequities. This approach could prepare the next generation of scholars and practitioners who will be challenged by public health threats with rigor, humility, and social awareness.

Authors List :

Erica Yasuhara

Presenting Author :

Erica Yasuhara

Affiliations :

Wellesley College, MIT

Email :

ericayasuhara@gmail.com

Key Words (5 Words Maximum) :

Public Health Education; Undergraduate Learning; Data Literacy; Health Equity; Population Health

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

admin — Fri, 26 Dec 2025 09:14:59 +0000

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pivotal driver of innovation in healthcare, reshaping diagnostic, therapeutic, and administrative paradigms. Recent systematic reviews highlight AI’s capacity to enhance clinical decision-making, medical imaging interpretation, and personalized treatment planning, thereby reducing diagnostic errors and improving patient outcomes. Advanced methodologies such as machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing enable the rapid analysis of complex datasets, supporting early disease detection and predictive analytics for patient deterioration, epidemic surveillance, and hospital resource allocation. Beyond clinical applications, AI contributes to operational efficiency by automating administrative workflows including electronic health record management, patient scheduling, and billing, allowing healthcare professionals to devote greater attention to patient-centered care. The integration of AI into wearable devices and remote monitoring systems further facilitates continuous patient observation and proactive health management. Despite these advances, challenges persist. Concerns regarding data privacy, ethical governance, algorithmic bias, and regulatory compliance remain central to responsible AI adoption. Ensuring transparency, explainability, and human oversight is critical to mitigating risks and fostering trust among stakeholders. Overall, AI demonstrates immense potential to revolutionize healthcare by improving efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility of medical services. Sustained interdisciplinary collaboration, coupled with robust ethical frameworks, will be essential to harness AI’s transformative capabilities for building a resilient, equitable, and patient-centered healthcare ecosystem.

Authors List :

Syeda Amatul Raheem Shafiya, Humera Quadriya, Shagufta Tarannum, Fehmida Begum, Majid Mohiuddin

Presenting Author :

Syeda Amatul Raheem Shafiya

Affiliations :

Anwarul Uloom College

Email :

shafia.2106@gmail.com

Key Words (5 Words Maximum) :

Artificial Intelligence, Clinical Translation, Deep Learning, Predictive Modelling

Artificial Intelligence in Medical Research and Clinical Practice

admin — Fri, 26 Dec 2025 07:25:14 +0000

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and deep learning methods, is increasingly applied in biomedical research and clinical care. The expansion of electronic health records, medical imaging, and molecular datasets has created a need for analytical approaches capable of generating clinically actionable insights, as reported in multiple NEJM-, Lancet-, and JAMA-indexed studies.
Methods: We reviewed peer-reviewed studies evaluating AI applications in diagnostics, prognostic modeling, and translational research, including retrospective analyses, prospective cohorts, and randomized or externally validated investigations. Emphasis was placed on multimodal data integration, validation methodology, and real-world clinical performance.
Results: Across oncology, cardiology, and neurology, AI-based models demonstrated improved performance in disease classification, risk stratification, and outcome prediction compared with conventional approaches in multicenter validation studies. In diagnostic imaging and digital pathology, AI systems achieved clinically relevant accuracy in detecting malignancies, retinal disease, fractures, and histopathologic features, with reduced interobserver variability. AI applications also showed benefit in drug discovery, clinical trial design, and patient selection.
Conclusion: Evidence from high-impact medical literature supports the research and clinical value of AI. Continued emphasis on validation, interpretability, bias mitigation, and regulatory oversight is required for safe and effective integration into clinical practice.

Authors List :

Mohammed Imran

Presenting Author :

Mohammed Imran

Email :

muhammed_immu@yahoo.com

Key Words (5 Words Maximum) :

Artificial Intelligence, Clinical Decision Support, Translational Medicine

The Relationship Between Barometric Pressure Changes and Weather-Related Headaches

admin — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 23:07:19 +0000

Background: Weather-related headaches have been reported more frequently during rainy season, particularly in fall and winter. Previous researcher suggested that changes in barometric pressure can cause headaches, dizziness, or join pain, this condition is known as meteropathy. Approximately 30% of the global population or 2.4 billion people experience weather-related physical symptoms. Although meteoropathy is not life-threatening, it can significantly affect daily functioning quality of life.
Barometric pressure is the pressure caused by the weight of the air. Change in barometric pressure can affect the middle ear, an air-filled cavity connected to the back of the nose through Eustachian tube. Under normal conditions, this tube equalizes internal and external air pressure. However, when barometric pressure changes rapidly, the eustachian tube may not open properly. This can create imbalances of pressure, placing stress on the eardrum and disturbance in inner-ear fluids balance. These changes can interfere with signals sent to the brain, potentially causing headaches, dizziness, or even fainting.
To investigate the relationship between barometric pressure and headaches, and weather-related headaches, long-term barometric data were analyzed using NASA Earth observation datasets.
Results: The data recorded on September 2025 reveal a significant drop in barometric pressure between September 26 and 27, with a decrease of approximately 9 hPa within one day. Previous research indicates that pressure drops as small as 5hPa can increase the likelihood of meteoropathy symptoms, suggesting that this rapid decline represented a high-risk condition for weather-related headaches.
Further analysis involved comparing cumulative distribution function graphs of Seattle, Boston and Miami. Each line on the graph represents a season (spring, summer, fall, or winter), and the vertical line at x = -5 hPa marks the threshold at which weather-related symptoms are more likely to occur. In Seattle, the probability of experiencing a pressure drop of 5 hPa is only about 4% in summer but increases dramatically to about 22% in winter. Boston shows a similar but slightly higher pattern, while Miami remains below 5% across all seasons, indicating a lower likelihood of weather-related symptoms. The difference is likely due to Miami more stable climate, whereas Seattle and Boston are more frequently affected by strong storm system. In conclusion, the data strongly suggested a clear relationship between barometric pressure change and weather-related headaches. Large barometric pressure changes occur much more often during fall and winters, especially in cities like Seattle and Boston. These frequent pressure changes explain why weather-related headaches are more common during colder seasons. Understanding these patterns can help explain how weather is related to human health and why some regions experience more symptoms than others.

Authors List :

Konomi Karube

Presenting Author :

Konomi Karube

Affiliations :

Lake Washington High School

Email :

ko.karube@outlook.com

Key Words (5 Words Maximum) :

Headache, Barometric Pressure, Weather, Meteropathy

Arduino Powered Navigation Device For The Visually Impaired

admin — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 21:45:09 +0000

Introduction: Approximately 7 million people around the U.S. have visual impairments. Cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration are some types of impairments that cause people to lose their vision. Thousands of people with visual impairments rely on adaptive technology to assist them with daily tasks. From smart canes and vests to screen readers, people rely on these devices to help them live with ease and comfort. Moreover, recent technologies, such as AI-assisted devices, have allowed for a broader range of capabilities.
Significance: However, even within the adaptive technology market, there has been little development of navigation devices that aid the visually impaired in navigating difficult environments with obstacles or people. Although devices such as phone apps and wrist cameras are sold to thousands of clients, they do not address the specific needs of the visually impaired. For example, certain devices only detect objects below the waist, are bulky, and are uncomfortable. To address this problem, this project focused on developing technology to meet the needs of the visually impaired and to better equip users with a personalized configuration.
Methods: To understand the needs of the visually impaired, community members of the Carroll Center for the Blind were interviewed. From them, certain preferences such as lightness and comfort, subtleness, and haptic feedback design were requested. These requests were integrated into the first iteration and prototype, which consisted of an Arduino Micro and an ultrasonic sensor. Next, because a two-part device would be more convenient, Bluetooth communication was implemented. However, the first trial did not go well; the HM-10 Bluetooth devices did not connect. Therefore, ultimately, 2 Arduino ESP-32 were used to establish a Bluetooth ESP-NOW connection. These iterations were developed through trial and error, especially with feedback from our clients, the members of the Carroll Center for the Blind. Ideas were developed by the project members, and suggestions were tested through building and testing.
Results: Through weeks of trial and error, we developed a device containing 2 ESP-32s, with one connected to an Arduino Time-of-Flight sensor and the other to a haptic feedback buzzer. The ESP-32 and sensor are attached to a brooch to ensure they are above the waist. The second ESP-32 is connected to a haptic buzzer in a watch-like form, attachable to the user’s wrist. One ESP-32 sends distance data, which is converted into a haptic signal for the user to feel. Additionally, new C++ code was implemented for a logic system that enables faster and more accurate haptic feedback. With these new components, we presented our device to the members of the Carroll Center for the Blind, who tested it and used it.
Conclusion: This project delivered an effective solution for navigation difficulties for the visually impaired. It includes aspects such as a lightweight design and efficient above-the-waist detection, which members of the visually impaired community requested during the design process. Through this device, we aim to address challenges, improve the quality of life for the visually impaired community, and encourage their independence.

Authors List :

Alyssa Yasuhara, Hannah Sheppard, Morgan Olszewski, Karina Florian, Sophia Fu

Presenting Author :

Alyssa Yasuhara

Affiliations :

Newton North High School, LigerBots

Email :

alyasu929@gmail.com

Key Words (5 Words Maximum) :

Cataracts, Glaucoma, Macular Degeneration, ESP-32, HM-10